JISAO data

Equatorial Pacific Island Precipitation Index


Averaging region: 4N-12S, 152.5E-82.5W
The index is seasonal and spans 1892-1989
Anomalies are with respect to 1950-89, and have standard deviations typical of ENSO-associated variability during 1950-89.

An analysis based of this index is linked here.

Details of the index calculation are given at the bottom of this page.

The time series written in MATLAB format. [The timeseries is read into the variable "eqpacprecip" in MATLAB.] The units are mm month-1.

A monthly-mean version of the time series written in MATLAB format. In this version, the seasonal-mean values are ascribed to the months which comprise the season. [The timeseries is read into the variable "eqpacprecip_monthly" in MATLAB.] The units are mm month-1.

The units in the following table are mm month-1, and there is no data value for September-October-November of 1989.

       DJF  MAM  JJA  SON
 1892  -52   34   42 -133
 1893  -34 -183 -127 -132
 1894 -454 -297  -38 -158
 1895  -89 -175 -189   71
 1896   13  -17  137  253
 1897  175 -135 -104  -36
 1898 -227 -102 -132  -60
 1899 -263 -131  257   98
 1900  341  276  207  117
 1901   37   58 -181 -164
 1902 -245   79  322  401
 1903  474   -9 -213 -162
 1904 -426 -107  150  291
 1905  295  348  267  388
 1906  152 -172 -209  -16
 1907 -151 -165 -126   95
 1908  197 -175    7 -196
 1909 -407 -264  -75 -137
 1910 -457 -197 -136 -156
 1911 -160  440  198  414
 1912  497  453  -42  155
 1913  298 -237  -82  194
 1914  147  321  494  119
 1915  202  412 -146 -206
 1916 -274 -265 -227 -210
 1917 -504 -257 -163 -139
 1918 -442  -17  581  426
 1919  478  366  306  438
 1920  174  132   63 -189
 1921    3 -139 -114  -81
 1922  184   33   78 -101
 1923 -202    8  343  127
 1924  322  -50 -116  -64
 1925 -195 -184   -7  108
 1926  316  423   52  -93
 1927 -271 -119  -21  -12
 1928  180  -84  -99  -52
 1929   10 -171   93   59
 1930  150   25  107  285
 1931  330   98   51  -18
 1932  -14  136  -75  -14
 1933 -195  -73  -69 -107
 1934 -328  -80  -48  -31
 1935  111  -72  -96  -80
 1936  222  -85  -52   40
 1937   -6   25  -52  -67
 1938 -111 -144 -116  -90
 1939  -84   66   13   -5
 1940  153  258  250  278
 1941  256  101  256  274
 1942  257   96  138   28
 1943 -190  -72   70 -117
 1944  113  -20   63   88
 1945 -225  -78  -14 -197
 1946 -207  109  126   87
 1947   62 -116 -118  -13
 1948   91  212   86  -15
 1949   99  -61    4  -32
 1950 -233 -178  -94 -166
 1951 -249    0  106  -53
 1952   13   24   48  -40
 1953  135  152  162  147
 1954    2   -6  -98 -125
 1955  -28 -100 -175 -160
 1956 -251 -107 -150 -105
 1957  -37  -33   41  228
 1958  173  257   99   21
 1959  163  -45   -8  -48
 1960   -9  -23  -40   45
 1961  -41  136  -30  -33
 1962 -323 -154 -100 -100
 1963 -275 -155   22  114
 1964  256 -146 -111 -187
 1965  -66  -46  170  279
 1966  146    7   29  -22
 1967  -60  -18  -82  -75
 1968   20 -135  -85    8
 1969  -67  127   79  -46
 1970   30   90  -31  -91
 1971 -294 -218 -104 -118
 1972  -60  -63  108  315
 1973  316   82  -30 -128
 1974 -142 -201 -106 -129
 1975   64  -52 -125 -106
 1976 -129 -101   38  -21
 1977   59  156  212  101
 1978  213   20   21  -23
 1979   74  -11   -9   84
 1980  134   89   45  110
 1981  210  186  -48  -43
 1982  -87 -140   43  389
 1983  691  558  373   68
 1984 -121   21  116  -49
 1985 -233   47  -82 -174
 1986 -133  -28   49  134
 1987  311   29   16   24
 1988  111  -31  -39  -27
 1989 -284    9 -230     
 

Details of the index calculation

References for the input data set:

  • Eischeid, J. K., H. F. Diaz, R. S. Bradley, and P. D. Jones, 1991: A comprehensive precipitation data set for global land areas. Carbon Dioxide Info. Anal. Ctr., Num. Data Prod. TR051.
  • Eischeid, J. K., C. B. Baker, T. R. Karl, and H. F. Diaz, 1995: The quality control of long-term climatological data using objective data analysis. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 2787-2795.

    Anomalies of the gridded data set are calculated by season with respect to the period 1950-89. The anomalies are then normalized by season with respect to the period 1851-1989. The longer period used for normalizing the data yields a smoother final time series than when 1950-89 is used. The time series is then calculated as the average of the available data in the index region for each season and year. The averaging region was chosen on the basis of analyses of Microwave Sounding Unit and GOES Precipitation Index precipitation anomalies in the period 1979-92 and 1986-92, respectively. Approximately sixteen (four) grid boxes contribute to the index for each season in the period 1950-81 (1982-89). The time series is then standardized by season with respect to 1950-89. The precipitation anomalies for the period 1950-89 are regressed onto the precipitation index, stratified by season, and the precipitation index scaled to have a standard deviation equal to the average regression value for the index region in each calendar season. Equatorial Pacific precipitation interannual variability exhibits a strong seasonal dependance, with average precipitation regressions of 203, 141, 114, and 135 mm month-1 in DJF, MAM, JJA, and SON, respectively. The preceeding normalization of the index is crude, and the index should not be used to make definitive statements about precipitation amounts in the tropical Pacific. An appropriate use of the scaled values of the index would be to say that it seems to rain more in one season than in another.


    April 1996
    Todd P. Mitchell (mitchell@atmos.washington.edu)
    JISAO Data